玩具安全：美国消费品安全改进法案修正案HR2715

2011年8月12日，美国总统正式签署消费品安全改进法案修正案HR2715，使其成为美国法律Public Law No. 112-28。该法案关于测试方面的主要更新如下：

1） 铅含量限制
⊙  2011年8月14日及之后生产的儿童产品必须满足新基材铅含量限值100ppm。目前市场上销售的不满足100ppm但符合300ppm限值要求的产品，可以一直销售到2011年8月14日以后。

⊙  机动非公路使用车辆包括雪车不受铅含量限值管理。

⊙  自行车及相关产品： 2011年12月31日之后，金属部件的铅含量不得超过300ppm。

⊙  除金属首饰外的二手儿童产品不受管制，但若售卖者明确了解其产品违反了铅含量限制则除外。

⊙  若某项产品、某类产品、材料或元件符合以下三个要求，消费品安全委员会可赋予豁免：
a)  包含铅为产品功能所需，或者无法从实际应用或技术上去除铅；
b)  产品、元件或材料不太可能被放入口中或吞咽；
c)  对公众健康或安全无可测量到的负面影响

2） 第三方铅含量测试的豁免（但仍需遵循铅限值要求）
⊙  自行车金属组件

⊙  一般书籍及纸类印制的材料

3） 邻苯二甲酸盐限制的应用
⊙  邻苯限值要求不适用于不可触及的儿童玩具或儿童护理产品的组件。

非测试方面的修订包括溯源标签、ASTM F963、耐用育婴产品及CPSC公共数据库方面的少量豁免与修订。

详情请参考：
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h112-2715

On Aug 12, 2011, US President formally signed Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) reform bill HR2715 as US Public Law No. 112-28. The main updates on TESTING are as follows:

1） Limitation on Lead
⊙  Children's products manufactured on or after Aug 14, 2011 must comply with the new lead content limit100ppm. The related products on market complying with 300ppm limit can be sold after Aug 14, 2011 evenif their component had lead content higher than 100ppm.
⊙  Motorized off-highway vehicles including snowmobiles are exempted from lead content limit.

⊙  Bicycles and related products: after Dec 31, 2011, total lead content for any metal component part of the products should not exceed the limit of 300ppm.
⊙  Used children's products, except metal jewelry are exempted unless the seller had actual knowledge on lead content limit violation.
⊙  The CPSC may grant exceptions for a specific product, class of products, material or component part if all three of the following criteria are met:
a)  The inclusion of lead is required for product to function or it is not practicable ortechnologically feasible to remove it;
b)  The product, component or material is not likely to be placed in mouth or ingested；
c)  There's no measurable adverse effect on public health or safety.

2） Third Party Lead Testing Exemptions（the lead limits should still be followed）
⊙  Metal component parts on bicycles
⊙  Ordinary books and paper-based printed materials

3） Application of Phthalates Limit
⊙  Phthalates limit do not apply to any component part of children's toys or childcare articles that isinaccessible to a child.
There're also some exceptions and modifications on non-testing aspects including tracking labels, ASTM F963, durable nursery products and CPSC public database.

For detailed information, please visit:
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h112-2715